NML’s Program on Agricultural Regulation focuses on research on agricultural law and regulation, measuring design factors and implementation based on carefully curated indicators and providing recommendations on regulatory improvement (including through a number of research tools, namely legal guides, comparative assessments, case studies, training manuals on regional rules, and annotated comments on national rules). Issue areas include agricultural trade and markets, regulation of national and regional seed systems, fertilizer regulation, intellectual property rights, agricultural finance, contract farming, and agricultural corridors. NML’s work focuses on identifying regulatory gaps and improving implementation of agricultural rules, including through the development of RSMs and annotated model legal instruments based on good regulatory practices, all developed in consultation with and validated by key stakeholders. In particular, NML’s agricultural regulatory program emphasizes development of RSMs, which visually depict agricultural regulatory processes in a simple step-by-step manner, noting gaps and implementation challenges that require intervention and commendable good practices, with recommendations focused on improving agricultural regulatory systems to better support social and economic development. These research tools focus on IP management and licensing, regulation of inputs at the national and regional levels, and other areas of agricultural regulation. NML’s agricultural regulation program also includes training materials and in-person training sessions for key stakeholders, including through NML’s “train the trainer” program to build capacity among local lawyers and institutions. NML also has a long history of working on trade and agricultural corridors as a system-wide framework that integrates economic, regulatory, and social considerations and identifies possible avenues for addressing gaps in market fragmentation.